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BILL OF LADING
BILL OF LADING CLAUSES
Introduction
In the paragraph "Types of Bills of Lading" we take a closer look at the different types of bills of lading one can encounter. At first sight, we notice the enormous variety of bills of lading and each of them is as much as possible adapted to a type of traffic and the type of goods being transported.
The Hague Rules and the Hague-Visby Rules apply to all negotiable bills of lading and the terms and conditions that apply are printed on the back of the document. The face of the bill of lading can be compared to the "box-part" of a charterparty and it contains a number of spaces that have to be filled in with the "Master" which is also used to fill in the shipping permit, the mate's receipt and other documents.
As for the charterparty, BIMCO has drafted a prototype bill of lading for the carriage of general cargo known as the CONLINEBILL and the CONGENBILL. For combined transport, BIMCO drafted the COMBICOMBILL and the MULTIDOC 95. These bills of lading can be used as Through Bills of Lading, as Bills of Lading for Combined Transport Shipments or Port to Port Shipments, or for Container Transport, etc. Further we have the bills of ladings for specific shipments such as the AUSTWHEATBILL, the COAL-OREVOYBILL, the GRAINCOBILL, the HEAVYCOBILL, the NORGRAINBILL, etc.
Each bill of lading characterises itself by the printed clauses. Some clauses are typical for the type of traffic and the type of goods being carried; other clauses are common to all bills of lading. It concerns mainly:
- the Paramount clause;
- the New Jason clause;
- the Both to Blame Collision clause;
- the General Average clause.
Although each bill of lading is discussed separately in the chapter "Types of Bills of Lading", above mentioned clauses are first considered.
