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BILL OF LADING
CARRIER
Article 1, Paragraph (a) of the Hague-Visby Rules gives the definition of the Carrier.
The carrier is the party on whose behalf the bill of lading has been signed. It includes the owner of the ship or the charterer who enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper.
The carrier in the contract of carriage agrees, on a business basis (thus not on a basis of pleasure) to carry goods or persons from one place to another.
There are two types of carriers: the common carrier and the private carrier and both are subject to definite rules of law. For more details, see a reference book dealing on this subject.
A ship can be operated by the owner, the disponent owner, the managing owner, etc. More and more, the disponent owner and the managing owner are called the operator.
In a combined transport (CT), the carrier can also be the Combined Transport Operator (CTO).
In a multimodal transport (MT), the carrier can also be the Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO).
According to the new philosophy of "door to door transportation", the carrier must not necessarily be the owner of the ship. In the Combined Transport Bill of Lading and the combined transport document, the carrier is defined as follow:
"Carrier" means the party on whose behalf this B/L has been signed.
"CTO" means the party on whose behalf this CT Document has been signed.The shipper is the party who concluded the contract of transport with the carrier; in other words, he who has a bond with the carrier. In a FOB contract, the shipper is the buyer and in a CIF contract, the shipper is the seller of the goods.
Quick Reminder
The carrier is the person (owner, charterer, disponent owner, etc.) who agrees to carry goods or persons from one place to another. Re the bill of lading, to carry goods for a shipper.
