NAVIGATION

Partim 3

Prof. Capt. M. Dauwe

Student’s Workbook

Table of Contents

Click on an item coloured blue to see its content and further

Cover

Course Objectives ….. 3

Training Objective ….. 4

MODULE 1 : Great circle sailing

1. Definition ….. 5

2. Distance ….. 7

3. Course at start and end of voyage ….. 8

4. Vertex and equatorial intersection ….. 9

5. Waypoints …... 13

6. Composite sail (with max.latitude) ….. 16

7. Traverse distance of an obstacle ….. 18

8. Internet sites ….. 19

MODULE 2 : Errors and accuracy in astro-navigation

1. Introduction ….. 21

2. Altitude error ….. 22

3. Time error ….. 23

4. Course and distance error ….. 25

5. Ambiguity ….. 28

MODULE 3 : Reduced methods in astro-navigation

1. HO 249 ….. 29

2. Sight reduction tables Nautical Almanac ….. 36

MODULE 4 : Identification of an unknown celestial body

1. Star charts ….. 39

2. Star finder ….. 41

3. HO 249 ….. 46

4. By calculation starting from observations …..46

MODULE 5 : Radio bearings

a. Principle of radio waves …..48

b. Formulae and tables …… 50

c.  Accuracy and disturbances ….. 56

Sky waves ….. 56
Coastal effect ….. 57
Diffraction by land ….. 58
Ionospheric disturbances ….. 58
Deviation by the vessel’s magnetic field ….. 60
Sectorial error ….. 60

MODULE 6: Navigation duties

A. Coastal ….. 62

Berthing/unberthing …..62
Calling/leaving a port ….. 64
Restricted area ….. 65

B. High Sea Voyages ….. 67

MODULE 7 : Watchkeeping

A. Introduction ….. 69

B. At sea ….. 91

Watch arrangements ….. 91
Navigation ….. 92
Navigational duties and responsibilities ….. 93
Look-out ….. 94
Navigational equipment ….. 96
Taking over the navigational watch ….. 97
Periodic checks of navigational equipment ….. 98
Automatic pilot ….. 98
Electronic navigational aids ….. 98
Radar ….. 99
Navigation in coastal waters ….. 100
Clear water ….. 101
Restricted visibility ….. 102
Calling the Master ….. 103
Navigation with pilot embarked …..105
Watchkeeping personnel ….. 105
One man bridge operated (OMBO) ships ….. 106
Bridge watchkeeping logbook entries ….. 107

C. At anchor ..... 110

D. In port ….. 112

Introduction ….. 112
Watch arrangements ….. 112
Taking over the watch ….. 113
Keeping a watch ….. 115
Mandatory minimum requirements for a watch in port on ships carrying hazardous cargo ….. 116